About Our Reporting 


This Sustainability and Ethics Progress Report was published in November 2025 and, unless otherwise indicated, the information and data recorded relates to the period from 1 August 2024 to 31 July 2025. 

The below metrics have been independently assured by Ernst & Young (EY) against the International Federation of Accountants’ International Standard on Assurance Engagements Other than Audits or Reviews of Historical Financial Information – known as ISAE 3000 (Revised). These assured metrics are highlighted in this report with the symbol Δ. 

Basis of reporting information for some of the metrics listed below can be found here

  • Percentage of our cotton clothes containing cotton that is organic, recycled or sourced from our Primark Cotton Project
  • Proportion of all clothing unit sales that are circular by design (%)
  • Percentage of our clothing unit sales containing recycled or more sustainably sourced materials
  • Number of farmers trained in the Primark Cotton Project
  • 2023 and 2024 single-use plastic footprint (tonnes)
  • 2023 and 2024 percentage of single-use plastic to overall packaging (tonnes)
  • 2023 and 2024 percentage change in single-use plastic packaging compared to SS22/AW22 baseline (tonnes)
  • Percentage of our own operation's waste diverted from landfill
  • Number of audits conducted
  • Percentage change in carbon emissions across our value chain against our 2018/19 baseline
  • Greenhouse gas emissions (tCO2e) consisting of:
    • Scope 1
    • Scope 2 (market-based)
    • Scope 3
  • Scope 3 greenhouse gas emissions (tCO2e)
  • Number of countries of operation 

As a division of ABF, we contribute to the ABF Annual Report.

We also contribute to the ABF Carbon Disclosure Project (CDP) and Task Force on Climate-related Financial Disclosures (TCFD) submission. Our GHG emissions reduction target has been assessed and validated by the SBTi, highlighting that our target is supported by the latest climate science criteria and recommendations.

Reporting methodology information for our carbon reporting can be found here.

In line with the UK Modern Slavery Act, we publish a Modern Slavery Statement annually. This sets out the measures we have taken during the past year to mitigate against the risks of modern day slavery and human trafficking in our supply chain or within our operations.

Our website also provides details of our approach and is updated to highlight any new initiatives. We also regularly report through partner and third-party benchmarks. More information on our reporting can be found here.



Independent Assurance Statement to Primark Limited

Scope 

We have been engaged by Primark Limited (“Primark”) to perform a ‘limited assurance engagement,’ as defined by International Standards on Assurance Engagements, here after referred to as the Engagement, to report on selected non-financial indicators as listed below in Table 1 (the “Subject Matter”) for the year ended 31 July 2025 (or for the 52 weeks ended 13 September 2025 for metrics marked with an asterisk, or year ending 31 December 2024 for metrics marked with an ^) contained in the Primark Sustainability and Ethics Progress Report 2024/2025 and in the ‘Social Audit Performance Statement’ subsection of the ‘Reports’ section of Primark’s corporate website (referred to as “the Primark Reports”).

The Subject Matter, as listed in Table 1, is also marked with a Δ symbol in the Primark Reports.


Table 1: List of selected non-financial indicators

Pillar Indicator name
Product
  • Percentage of our clothing unit sales containing recycled or more sustainably sourced materials 

  • Percentage of our cotton clothes containing cotton that is organic, recycled or from our Primark Cotton Project

  • Proportion of all clothing unit sales that are circular by design (%)

Planet

 

 

  • Greenhouse gas emissions (Scope 1, 2 market-based and 3) (tCO2e) 

  • Scope 3 greenhouse gas emissions (tCO2e)

  • % change carbon emissions across our value chain against Y2018/19 baseline 

  • % of our own operations waste diverted from landfill

  • Number of countries of operation* 

  • 2023 and 2024 single-use plastic footprint (tonnes)

  • 2023 and 2024 % of single-use plastic to overall packaging (tonnes)

  • 2023 and 2024 % change in SUP packaging compared to SS22/AW22 baseline (tonnes) 

  • Number of farmers trained in the Primark Cotton Project 

People
  • Number of audits conducted^

  • Most frequent non-compliances identified^

  • Audit rating percentages^ consisting of: 

  • Grade 1: Good systems in place to ensure ethical compliance, limited number of minor issues (%)

  • Grade 2: Evidence of some good systems in place, however, not achieved full ethical compliance (%)

  • Grade 3: Ethical compliance not met, with significant and numerous issues (%)


Other than as described in the preceding paragraph, which sets out the scope of our engagement, we did not perform assurance procedures on the remaining information included in the Primark Report, and accordingly, we do not express a conclusion on this information.

Criteria applied by Primark 

In preparing the Subject Matter, Primark has applied the reporting criteria detailed in the ‘About our Reporting’ appendix of the Primark Sustainability and Ethics Progress Report 2024/2025 (the “Criteria”).

Primark’s responsibilities

Primark’s management is responsible for selecting the Criteria, and for presenting the Subject Matter in accordance with that Criteria, in all material respects. This responsibility includes establishing and maintaining internal controls, maintaining adequate records and making estimates that are relevant to the preparation of the subject matter, such that it is free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error.

EY’s responsibilities

Our responsibility is to express a conclusion on the presentation of the Subject Matter based on the evidence we have obtained.

We conducted our Engagement in accordance with the International Standard for Assurance Engagements Other Than Audits or Reviews of Historical Financial Information (‘ISAE 3000 Revised’), and the International Standard for Assurance Engagements on Greenhouse Gas Statements (‘ISAE 3410’), and the terms of reference for this Engagement as agreed with Primark on 28 May 2025, and subsequently amended on 26 September 2025 and 18 November 2025. Those standards require that we plan and perform our engagement to express a conclusion on whether we are aware of any material modifications that need to be made to the Subject Matter in order for it to be in accordance with the Criteria, and to issue a report. The nature, timing, and extent of the procedures selected depend on our judgment, including an assessment of the risk of material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error.

We believe that the evidence obtained is sufficient and appropriate to provide a basis for our limited assurance conclusions.

Our independence and quality management

We have maintained our independence and confirm that we have met the requirements of the Code of Ethics for Professional Accountants issued by the International Ethics Standards Board for Accountants and have the required competencies and experience to conduct this assurance engagement.

EY also applies International Standard on Quality Management 1, Quality Management for Firms that Perform Audit or Reviews of Financial Statements, or Other Assurance or Related Services Engagements, which requires that we design, implement and operate a system of quality management including policies or procedures regarding compliance with ethical requirements, professional standards and applicable legal and regulatory requirements.

Description of procedures performed  

Procedures performed in a limited assurance engagement vary in nature and timing, and are less in extent than, for a reasonable assurance engagement. Consequently, the level of assurance obtained in a limited assurance engagement is substantially lower than the assurance that would have been obtained had a reasonable assurance engagement been performed. Our procedures were designed to obtain a limited level of assurance on which to base our conclusion and do not provide all the evidence that would be required to provide a reasonable level of assurance.

Although we considered the effectiveness of management’s internal controls when determining the nature and extent of our procedures, our assurance engagement was not designed to provide assurance on internal controls. Our procedures did not include testing controls or performing procedures relating to checking aggregation or calculation of data within IT systems.

The Greenhouse Gas (GHG) quantification process is subject to scientific uncertainty, which arises because of incomplete scientific knowledge about the measurement of GHGs. Additionally, GHG procedures are subject to estimation (or measurement) uncertainty resulting from the measurement and calculation processes used to quantify emissions within the bounds existing scientific knowledge. 

A limited assurance engagement consists of making enquiries, primarily of persons responsible for preparing the Subject Matter and related information and applying analytical and other appropriate procedures. 

The procedures we performed were based on our professional judgement and included the steps outlined below:

  1. Engaging with selected members of Primark's leadership and senior management to discuss the governance structures around the preparation of the Subject Matter, and the progress made during the reporting year.
  2. Meeting with key data owners to understand the processes for recording, aggregating, calculating, and reporting the Subject Matter.
  3. Undertaking analytical procedures on the Subject Matter, to:
    1. assess the accuracy and completeness, and consistency with the established Criteria; and
    2. make enquiries of management to obtain explanations for any significant differences we identified.
  4. Testing, on a sample basis, underlying source information to check the accuracy of the Subject Matter.
  5. Recalculating computations performed by management to assess the accuracy of data aggregation for reporting purposes.
  6. For the audit rating percentages, on a sample basis, agreeing the reporting audit grade back to management’s records and the established Criteria. We did not reperform any underlying audits to determine if the gradings applied were appropriate nor did we perform any procedures to assess the appropriateness of managements’ judgement in determining the grading. Our work does not provide any assurance over the appropriateness of the gradings determined by management

We also performed such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances.

Conclusion

Based on our procedures and the evidence obtained, we are not aware of any material modifications that should be made to the Subject Matter for the year ended 31st July 2025 (or for the 52 weeks ended 14 September 2025 for metrics marked with an asterisk, or year ending 31 December 2024 for metrics marked with an ^), in order for it to be in accordance with the Criteria.

Use of our assurance statement

We disclaim any assumption of responsibility for any reliance on this assurance statement or its conclusions to any persons other than Primark, or for any purpose other than that for which it was prepared.

Accordingly, we accept no liability whatsoever, whether in contract, tort or otherwise, to any third party for any consequences of the use or misuse of this assurance statement or its conclusions.

Ernst & Young 

26 November 2025
Dublin Ireland



Glossary


Partnerships
 
AccessAble Home | AccessAble
Action, Collaboration, Transformation (ACT) ACT - Action, Collaboration, Transformation
AFRY Unlocking transitions | AFRY
Alliance for Water Stewardship (AWS) Home | Alliance for Water Stewardship
Anker Research Institute (ARI) Anker Research Institute
Apparel and Footwear International RSL Management (AFIRM) Group  About - AFIRM Group
Apparel Impact Institute (AII) Apparel Impact Institute | Home
Breast Cancer Now (UK) We're Breast Cancer Now | Breast Cancer Now
British Fashion Council (BFC) British Fashion Council - Home
Business Fights Poverty (BFP) Collaborating for Social Impact - Business Fights Poverty
Canopy Canopystyle: Leading Forest Conservation Efforts | Canopy
Chaussettes Solidaires Chaussettes Orphelines - Márcia de Carvalho
China Climate Fund China | Green Climate Fund
China National Textile and Apparel Council (CNTAC) http://english.ctei.cn/
China Textile Imformation Centre (CTIC) China Textile Information Center
China's Institure of Public and Environmental Affairs (IPE) About IPE
Circular Textiles Foundation (CTF) The Circular Textiles Foundation: textile circularity experts
EMF The Circular Economy | Definition & Model Explained | Ellen MacArthur Foundation
Employment Injusry Insurance Scheme (EIS) EIS-PILOT
Fair Labor Association (FLA) Home - Fair Labor Association
Fashion industry charter for climate action by the united nations framework convention on climate change (UNFCCC) UNFCCC
Fondazione Adecco HOMEPAGE | Fondazione Adecco
German Agency for International Cooperation (GIZ) Start | GIZ
Global Living Wage Coalition (GLWC) Home - Global Living Wage Coalition
Green supply chain - corporate information transparency index (CITI) IPE
Haqdarshak Haqdarshak
Hubbub  Home - Hubbub
IndustriAll global union IndustriALL
International Labour Organization (ILO)  ILO Homepage | International Labour Organization
Irish Cancer Society Homepage | Irish Cancer Society
Lebenshilfe Lebenshilfe Startseite
Maritime Transport Maritime Transport - The UK's leading provider of integrated road and rail freight solutions
Myrada Myrada
Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) The Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development | OECD
Oritain Forensic Origin Verification | Oritain
Recover Recover™ Circular Fashion for all | Recover™
ReLondon https://relondon.gov.uk/business/
Reverse Resources Reverse Resources
Self-Employed Women’s Association (SEWA) Self Employed Women's Association
Textile Exchange Home Page - Textile Exchange
Textile, Apparel, Footwear and Travel Goods Association in Cambodia (TAFTAC) TAFTAC
The Fashion School The Fashion School for sewing & fashion classes
The Seam The Seam | Care & repair for clothing, footwear & bags
The Zero Discharge of Hazardous Chemicals programme (ZDHC) Welcome to the ZDHC Gateway
TrusTrace TrusTrace – Leading Supply Chain Traceability Software
UNICEF Donate to Children's Emergency Fund for Relief - UNICEF UK
Vision Spring HOME | VisionSpring. See well. Do well.
Work Equal WorkEqual - Working for a society that champions workplace equality and fair remuneration
WRAP WRAP - The Global Environmental Action NGO
Yellow Octopus Yellow Octopus Circular Solutions


Technical Terms
 
Biofuel  Biofuel is a more sustainable fuel alternative. It is manufactured from used cooking oil, recycled sustainable biomass and other waste streams that can’t be used elsewhere. Read more here: https://corporate.primark.com/en-gb/a/news/behind-the-seams/maersk-partnership-biofue
Circular Product A definition inspired by our partner the Ellen MacArthur Foundation, circular products are made from recycled or more sustainably sourced materials and designed with the future in mind in line with our Circular Product Standard (CPS). This means they have a longer lifespan when in use and can be recycled into new materials or clothes at end-of-life
CPS Our Circular Product Standard (CPS), is a set of design principles that will live and grow within our business as we strive to give our clothes a longer life
Downstream Downstream impacts occur after a product or service leaves an organization's hands
Downstream emissions Downstream emissions refer to the greenhouse gas emissions that occur after a product or service has been produced, including their use and disposal
Equal Remote Access programme The Equal Remote Access programme is a 10 week initiative designed to help individuals overcome barriers to remote or hybrid working. It is a free course aimed at unlocking the potential for a more inclusive and fulfilling work experience. The program is specifically for people who wish to join the workforce and identify as having a disability, ongoing illness, chronic pain, mental health challenges, or neurodivergent
Fibre-to-fibre recycling Fibre-to-fibre recycling is a critical step in the textile industry towards a more sustainable and circular system. It involves transforming used textiles into new fibres for fabrics, creating a closed-loop system for sustainable textile production
Forced labour Forced labour is any work or service that individuals are compelled to perform against their will, often under threat of punishment or coercion
Freedom of association This is the right for people to come together with other individuals to collectively express, promote, pursue and/or defend their common interests, either formally or informally
GBVH Gender-based violence and harassment
GHG Greenhouse Gas. The atmospheric gases responsible for causing global warming and climate change. The major GHGs are carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N20). Less prevalent – but very powerful – greenhouse gases are hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), perfluorocarbons (PFCs) and sulphur hexafluoride (SF6)
GHG emissions Emissions of the seven greenhouse gases covered by the Kyoto Protocol – carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), nitrous oxide (N2O), hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), perfluorocarbons (PFCs), sulphur hexafluoride (SF6) and nitrogen trifluoride (NF3)
GHG Emissions (Scope 1) Direct GHG emissions from owned or controlled sources. For example, the use of non-renewable fuels such as natural gas in boilers, as well as fugitive emissions
GHG Emissions (Scope 2) Indirect GHG emissions associated with the purchase of electricity, steam, or cooling
GHG Emissions (Scope 3) GHG emissions which are the result of activities from assets not owned or controlled by Primark, but that Primark indirectly impacts in our value chain.
The following categories of the GHG Protocol Corporate Value Chain (Scope 3) Standard are included:
Upstram emmosions
  • Category 1: Purchased goods and services 
  • Category 2: Capital goods 
  • Category 3: Fuel and energy-related activities 
  • Category 4: Upstream transportation and distribution. 
  • Category 5: Waste generated in operations 
  • Category 6: Business travel Downstream emissions 
  • Category 11: Use of sold products 
  • Category 12: End-of-life treatment of sold products
Global living wage We adopt the definition of a living wage provided by the GLWC. A living wage is the remuneration received for a standard work week by a worker in a particular workplace which is sufficient to afford a decent standard of living for the worker and their family. Elements of a decent standard of living include food, water, housing, education, health, transportation, clothing and other essential needs including provision for unexpected events
Global Organic Textile Standard (GOTS) The aim of the Global Organic Textile Standard (GOTS) is to define world-wide recognized requirements that ensure the certified organic status of textiles, from the harvesting of the raw fiber, through environmentally and socially responsible manufacturing up to labeling in order to provide credible assurance to the end consumer
Global Recycled Standard (GRS) The Global Recycled Standard (GRS) is an international certification that verifies the recycled content of products and ensures responsible social, environmental, and chemical practices throughout the supply chain
Global sourcing map (GSM) Primark does not own any factories. The factories featured on the Global Sourcing Map are Primark’s suppliers’ production sites which represent approximately 94% of Primark products for sale in our stores. A factory is detailed on the Map only after it has produced products for Primark for a year and has become an established supplier. During the first year of production, a factory has to demonstrate that it can consistently work to Primark’s ethical standards, as well as meet our commercial requirements in areas such as quality and timely delivery. Each factory entry on the map includes the site address, the number of workers and gender split. We review and update the information on the map once a year, although we may choose to remove a factory between formal updates, if we are no longer using a particular factory as a supplier. The map can be found here: https://globalsourcingmap.primark.com/
Goods For Resale (GFR)  Goods acquired by an enterprise for the purpose of reselling them without further processing
Goods Not For Resale (GNFR)  Items that a business purchases and uses in its day-to-day operations, but does not sell to customers
Grievance mechanism A grievance mechanism is a formal process that allows individuals or groups to raise complaints and seek remedies for issues related to business activities, human rights violations, or workplace concerns
Higg FEM The Higg Facility Environmental Module (Higg FEM) is a globally recognized environmental management standard designed to help facilities, including manufacturers, brands, and retailers, assess their environmental performance
HRDD Human rights due diligence is a management system that allows companies to proactively assess their human rights risks and impacts and take appropriate measures to address them
ISO 50001 ISO 50001 an international standard developed by the International Organization for Standardization, establishes requirements and provides guidance for the implementation of energy management systems
LGBTQIA+ Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, Queer (or Questioning), Intersex, Asexual and more
Location based emissions Location-based emissions are calculated using the average emission intensity of the local grid where the electricity is sourced. This method does not account for any green measures, such as renewable energy credits (RECs), and is the same regardless of whether RECs are used or not
Lost Time Injury (LTI) A lost time injury (LTI) is an injury or illness sustained at work that causes an employee to miss a day or more of work
Low-carbon fuel Low carbon fuels are defined as fuels that produce thermal energy with fewer emissions than traditional fossil fuels. They generate less net carbon dioxide (CO₂) emissions compared to fuels like gasoline, diesel, or coal, making them a more environmentally friendly option
Man-made Cellulosic Fibres (MMCF) Manmade cellulosics (MMCFs) are regenerated fibers usually made from the dissolved wood pulp or “cellulose” of trees
Market-based emissions Market-based emissions refer to the calculation of greenhouse gas emissions based on the energy a company purchases, allowing for the inclusion of renewable energy credits and contracts
Mono-material A mono-material refers to a product composed of a single material or fibre. This makes the recycling process much easier, as it reduces the amount of energy required to split or separate various materials
More sustainably sourced materials Materials in which efforts are made to help reduce environmental impact in their sourcing. For more information on the fibres used in our clothes, please visit our fibres glossary
NaviLens codes Specialized optical codes designed to assist blind and partially sighted individuals in navigating their environment. They work by scanning with a smartphone camera, providing information about the detected code's location relative to the user, including distance and angle
Non-governmental organization (NGO) A non-governmental organization (NGO) is an organization that generally is formed independent from government
Organic Cotton Standard (OCS) The Organic Cotton Standard (OCS) is a globally recognized certification that verifies the presence and amount of organically grown materials in a finished product
Power purchase agreement (PPE) Power Purchase Agreements (PPAs) are long-term contracts between a buyer and a power generator, where the buyer agrees to purchase electricity at a pre-agreed price for a set period
Rcotton 100% pure and unblended recycled cotton fibre
RE100 The RE100 initiative is a global corporate renewable energy initiative bringing together numerous large and ambitious companies that have committed to using 100% renewable power
Recyclable by design Decisions made in the design and development stage in the manufacture of a product that make it easier to recycle at the end of its life. This could include components that can be dismantled or removed, or using a mono-material instead of a blended fabric to enable recycling
Recycled Claim Standard (RCS) The Recycled Claim Standard (RCS) is an international, voluntary standard that certifies products made from recycled materials, ensuring traceability and integrity throughout the supply chain
Responsible Purchasing Practices Responsible purchasing means purchasing in a way that enables positive change at the supplier level, so that every part of the supply chain benefits
SBTi The Science Based Targets initiative (SBTi), which: • Defines and promotes best practice in emissions reductions and net-zero targets in line with climate science. • Provides technical assistance and expert resources to companies who set science-based targets in line with the latest climate science. • Brings together a team of experts to provide companies with independent assessment and validation of targets. The SBTi is the lead partner of the Business Ambition for 1.5°C campaign - an urgent call to action from a global coalition of UN agencies, business and industry leaders, mobilizing companies to set net-zero science-based targets in line with a 1.5°C future
Single-use plastics (SUP) Single-use plastics are products which are used once, or for a short period of time, before being thrown away
Social protection system Social protection systems are essential frameworks designed to reduce poverty and vulnerability by providing support to individuals and families facing economic and social risks
Supplier Code of Conduct Our Supplier Code of Conduct which sets out the standards we expect of our suppliers and partners
Sustainable manufacturing and environmental pollution (SMEP) The SMEP Programme is a UK government initiative aimed at addressing the environmental and human health impacts of the manufacturing sector in sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia. It focuses on reducing pollution from manufacturing and industrial activities
TCFD The Task Force on Climate-related Financial Disclosures. Created by the Financial Stability Board, the TCFD was developed to provide recommendations on the types of information that companies should disclose to support investors, lenders, and insurance underwriters in appropriately assessing and pricing a specific set of risks-related to climate change. Upon delivery of the TCFD’s 2023 Status Report, and on request of the Financial Stability Board, the TCFD has now been disbanded
Tier one factory Factories manufacturing finished goods
Tier two factory Factories which provide materials and services to tier one factories
UK Textiles Pact The UK Textiles Pact is a collaborative initiative aimed at transforming the fashion and textiles industry towards more sustainable and circular practices by 2030
United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) UNCTAD is a permanent intergovernmental body established by the United Nations General Assembly in 1964
United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change has near universal membership (198 countries) and is the parent treaty of the 2015 Paris Agreement to keep the global average temperature rise this century as close as possible to 1.5 degrees Celsius above preindustrial levels
United Nations Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights These provide a framework for the measures nations and businesses should implement to protect and respect human rights
Upstream Upstream emissions refer to the greenhouse gas emissions that occur in the supply chain before a company’s operations, encompassing activities related to the production and delivery of goods
Wet processing Wet processing refers to a series of chemical and mechanical treatments in textile manufacturing that utilize water or other liquids to alter the properties of textile materials
ZDHC MRSL ZDHC Manufacturing Restricted Substances List. The ZDHC MRSL offers brands and suppliers a single, harmonised list of chemical substances banned from intentional use during manufacturing and related processes in supply chains of the textile, apparel, and footwear (including leather, rubber, foam and adhesives) industries